The “S” stands for Scientology.

The lower triangle is called the ARC triangle (pronounced by the letters A, R, C); A for affinity, R for reality and C for communication. These three interdependent factors combined add up to Understanding and are expressed as a triangle. ARC is a fundamental principle of the Scientology religion.

The first corner of the triangle is affinity, which is the degree of liking or affection for someone or something. Reality is the second corner and is, fundamentally, agreement. The third corner is communication, defined as the interchange of ideas between two people.

All three of these elements are interrelated. Without a degree of liking and some basis of agreement there is no communication. Without communication and some basis of affinity, or emotional response, there can be no reality. Without some basis for agreement and communication, there can be no affinity. And when one corner of this triangle is improved, the other two corners are likewise improved.

The upper triangle is the “KRC” triangle. The points are K for knowledge, R for responsibility and C for control. Like the points of the ARC triangle, these three elements are interrelated. When one corner of the KRC triangle is raised, the other two also rise.

This symbol first appeared in 1952.

What does the Scientology cross represent?

The Scientology cross is an eight-pointed cross which represents the eight parts or dynamics of life. The Scientology cross, which was first conceived in 1954, symbolizes the ability to live happily across all eight dynamics. (See: What are the dynamics?)

As a matter of interest, the cross as a symbol predates Christianity.